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第27章 独立宣言 1（第1页）

TheDeclarationofIndeendence

托马斯·杰斐逊

ThomasJefferson

托马斯·杰斐逊（1743—1826），生于美国弗吉尼亚州，1762年毕业于威廉与玛丽学院，1767年取得律师资格。杰斐逊于1769年进入殖民地议会，成为反英运动领袖之一。1774年发表的小册子《英属北美权利概要》为杰斐逊的重要作品，文中指出英国国会无权为殖民地制定法律。1775年他随弗吉尼亚代表团出席在费城举行的第二次大陆会议，1776年因起草《独立宣言》而名垂史册。《独立宣言》超越了一时一地的历史特殊意义，成为人类追求自身价值的伟大文献。

AceintheHole

Understandthesenewwordsbeforeyoureadthisarticle。

1。unalienableadj。（指权利等）不能让与的，不能剥夺的

2。comliancen。服从，听从，顺从

3。mercenaryadj。雇用的，为钱的，唯利是图的

4。consanguinityn。血亲；同族；密切关系

WhenintheCourseofhumanevents，itbecomesnecessaryforoneeoletodissolvetheoliticalbandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother，andtoassumeamongtheowersoftheearth，thesearateandequalstationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature’sGodentitlethem，adecentresecttotheoinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimelthemtothesearation。

Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident，thatallmenarecreatedequal，thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights，thatamongtheseareLife，LibertyandtheursuitofHainess。Thattosecuretheserights，GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen，derivingtheirjustowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned。ThatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends，itistheRightofthePeoletoalterortoabolishit，andtoinstitutenewGovernment，layingitsfoundationonsuchrincilesandorganizingitsowersinsuchform，astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHainess。

Prudence，indeed，willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses；andaccordinglyallexeriencehathshewn，thatmankindaremoredisosedtosuffer，whileevilsaresufferable，thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed。

Butwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurations，ursuinginvariablythesameobjectevincesadesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDesotism，itistheirright，itistheirduty，tothrowoffsuchGovernment，andtorovidenewGuardsfortheirfuturesecurity。SuchhasbeentheatientsufferanceoftheseColonies；andsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment。

ThehistoryoftheresentKingofGreatBritain（GeorgeIII）isahistoryofreeatedinjuriesandusurations，allhavingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates。Torovethis，letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld。

HehasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws，themostwholesomeandnecessaryfortheublicgood。

HehasforbiddenhisGovernorstoassLawsofimmediateandressingimortance，unlesssusendedintheiroerationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained，andwhensosusended，hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem。

HehasrefusedtoassotherLawsfortheaccommodationoflargedistrictsofeole，unlessthoseeolewouldrelinquishtherightofReresentationintheLegislature，arightinestimabletothemandformidabletotyrantsonly。

Hehascalledtogetherlegislativebodiesatlacesunusual，uncomfortableanddistantfromthedeositoryoftheirublicRecords，forthesoleuroseoffatiguingthemintocomliancewithhismeasures。

HehasdissolvedReresentativeHousesreeatedly，foroosingwithmanlyfirmnesshisinvasionsontherightsoftheeole。

Hehasrefusedforalongtime，aftersuchdissolutions，tocauseotherstobeelected；wherebytheLegislativeowers，incaableofAnnihilation，havereturnedtothePeoleatlargefortheirexercise；theStateremaininginthemeantimeexosedtoallthedangersofinvasionfromwithout，andconvulsionswithin。

HehasendeavoredtoreventtheoulationoftheseStates；forthaturoseobstructingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeigners；refusingtoassotherstoencouragetheirmigrationshither，andraisingtheconditionsofnewAroriationsofLands。

HehasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice，byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciaryowers。