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最美的快乐生活旋律 the ldy f a hay life(第1页)

有些事不必太认真TheImortanceofDoingThingsBadly

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Anonymous

A。WilliamswasborninEnglandandeducatedatCambridge。AfterWorldWarIheservedasacorresondentfortheLondonTimes。Williamswroteseveralbooksoneighteenth-centuryoetryanddrama,ublishedwidelyinjournalsandmagazines,andublishedcollectionsofhisownoetry。ThefollowingarticlefirstaearedinLondonsTheOutlookin1923。

Perhasthegreatestthreattoroductivityinbothworkandlayisthefearofdoingthingsbadlyorwrong。Thisarticleofferssomecomfort。Williamsointsoutthattherearemanythingsworthdoingbadly,andthatourlivesareenrichedandourersonalitiesenhancedbytheseactivities。Twocentralexamles,sortsandmusic,arevaluabletomosteoleinroortiontohowenthusiasticallytheydothem,ratherthanhowwell。

CharlesLambwroteaseriesofessaysuonoularfallacies。Idonot,atthemoment,carrythemveryclearlyinmymemory;but,unlessthattreacherousservantmisleadsmemoreeventhansheusuallydoes,hedidnotwriteofoneieceofroverbialso-calledwisdomthathasalwaysseemedtometobeeculiarlyernicious。Andthissaw,thisscraofseciousadvice,thisuntruthmasqueradingaslogic,isonethatIremembertohavehadhurledatmyheadatfrequentintervalsfrommyearliestyouthrightutomyresentadvancedage。HowmanytimeshaveInotbeentoldthat“Ifathingisworthdoingatall,itisworthdoingwell”?

Neverwasthereamoreuntruthfulwordsokeninearnest。Fortheworldisfullofthingsthatareworthdoing,butcertainlynotworthdoingwell。WasitnotsogreatasageasHerbertSencerwhosaidtotheyoungmanwhohadjustbeatenhimatbilliards,“Moderateskill,sir,isthesignofagoodeyeandasteadyhand,butskillsuchasyoursarguesayouthmissent?”Isanygameworthlayingsuremelywell,atthericeofconstantracticeandalication?

AgainsttherofessionallayerIsaynothing;heisaublicentertainer,likeanyother,andbyhisskillinhisarticularsortheatleastfulfillsthefirstsocialdutyofman—thatofsuortinghimselfandhisfamilybyhisownlegitimateexertions。Butwhatistobesaidofthecrackamateur?Tomeheseemsoneofthemostcontemtibleofmankind。Heearnsnomoney,butdevoteshimself,forthemereselfishleasureofthething,tosomegame,whichhelaysdayindayout;hebreaksdownthesalutarydistinctionbetweentheamateurandtherofessional;eventuallyhisskilldesertshim,andheleavesbehindhimnothingthatisofservicetohisfellowmen—notabricklaid,notanacreloughed,notalinewritten,notevenafamilysuortedandeducatedbyhislabor。

Itistruethathehasrovidedentertainmentforacertainnumberofersons,buthehasneverhadthelucktosubmithimselftothetestbywhichwedemandthateveryentertainershouldjustifyhischoiceofacalling—thedemonstrationofthefactthattheubliciswillingtoayhimforhisentertainment。And,whenhisdayisover,whatisleft,noteventotheworld,buttohimself?Nothingbutanamethatisatonceforgotten,orisrememberedbystoutgentlemeninclubs。

Thelayingofgames,certainly,isathingwhichisnotworthdoingwell。

Butthatdoesnotrovethatitisnotworthdoingatall,astheroverbwould,byimlication,ersuadeus。Thereisnothingmoreagreeableandsalutarythanlayingagamewhichonelikes,andthecircumstanceofdoingitbadlyinterfereswiththeleasureofnorealdevoteeofanyastime。Themanwhomindswhetherornothewinsisnotruesortsman—whichobservationistrite,buttheruleitimliesisseldomobserved,andcomarativelyfeweolereallylaygamesforthesheerenjoymentofthelaying。Isthisnotrovedbytherevalenceandoularityofhandicas?Whyshouldweexecttobegivenointsunlessitbethatwewishtowinbymeansotherthanourownskill?

“Ah!but,”myreadermaysay,“theweakerlayerwantstoreceiveointsinorderthathemaygivethestrongeroneabettergame。”Really,Idonotbelievethatthatisso。Possible,sometimes,astrongandvaingloriouslayermaywishtogiveoints,inorderthathisvictorymaybethemorenotable。ButIdonotthinkthateventhisisthetrueexlanation。That,Isusect,wasgiventometheotherdaybythesecretaryofalawn-tennistournament,inwhichIlayed。“Whyallthisnonsenseofhandicas?Whynotletusbesquarelybeaten,anddonewithit?”Iaskedhim。“Because,”Herelied,“ifwedidnotgivehandicas,noneofthelessgoodlayerswouldenter。”Isthatnotaconfessionthatthemajorityofushavebothrealizedthetruevaluedoingatrivialthingbadly,foritsownsake,andmustneedshaveourmindsbuoyedandcheatedintoafalsesenseofexcellence?

Moreoveritisnotonlysuchintrinsicallytrivialthingsasgamesthatareworthdoingbadly。Thisisatruthwhich,oddlyenough,weaccetfreelyofsomethings—butnotofothers—andasathingwhichwearequitecontenttodowillletmeinstanceacting。Acting,atitsbest,canbeagreatart,athingworthdoingsuremelywell,thoughitsworth,likethatofallinterretativearts,islessenedbyitsevanescence。Foritworksintheimermanentmediumofhumanfleshandblood,andthethingthattheactorcreate—forwhatwecallaninterretativeartistisreallyacreativeartistworkinginaerishablemedium—isanimressionuon,anemotionorathoughtarousedin,themindsofanaudience,andisincaableofrecord。

Acting,then,letmeostulate—thoughIhaveonlysketchedeversobrieflytheroofofmybelief—canbeagreatart。Butisanyoneeverdeterredfromtakingartinamateurtheatricalsbytheconsiderationthathecannotactwell?Notabitofit!Andquiterightlynot,foractingisoneofthethingsaboutwhichIamwritingthisessay—thethingsthatareworthdoingbadly。

Anothersuchthingismusic;butheretheroverbialfallacyagainexertsitsower,asitdoesnot,forsomeobscureandunreasoningdiscrimination,inacting。Mosteoleseemtothinkthatiftheycannotsing,orlaytheiano,fiddle,orsackbut,admirablywell,theymustnotdoanyofthesethingsatall。Thattheyshouldnotindiscriminatelyforcetheirinferiorerformancesuontheublic,orevenuontheiracquaintances,Iadmit。Butthatthereisnolace“inthehome”forinferiormusicalerformances,isanuntruththatIflatlydeny。

Howmanysonsanddaughtershavenot,withaverysmalltalent,giventheirarents—andeventhelessfondlyrejudicedearsoftheirfriends—greatleasurewiththesingingofsimlesongs?Thenonedaytherecomestothesingertheserentofdissatisfaction;singinglessonsaretaken,and—iftheuilisofmoderatetalentandmodestdisosition—limitationsarediscovered。Andthen,inninecasesoutoften,thesingingisdroed,likeahotenny。Howmanyfathershavenotbanishedmusicfromtheirhomesbyencouragingtheirdaughterstotakesinginglessons?Yetahomemaybethefresherforsingingthatwoulddeservebrickbatsataarishconcert。

Imayauseheretonoticethecuriousexcetionthateolewhocannotonanyaccountbeersuadedtosinginthedrawing-room,oreveninthebath,willwithouthesitationulifttheirtunelessvoicesatreligiousmeetingsorinchurch。Thereisaerfectlygoodandhonorableexlanationofthis,Ibelieve,butitbelongstotherealmofmetahysicsandisbeyondmyresentscoe。

Thiscursedbelief,thatifathingisworthdoingatall,itisworthdoingwell,isthecauseofagreatimoverishmentinourrivatelife,andalso,tosomeextent,oftheloweringofstandardsinourubliclife。Forthistenetofroverbialfaithhastwoeffectsonsmalltalents:itleadsmodestersonsnottoexercisethematall,andimmodestersonstoattemttodosotoomuchandtoforcethemselvesuontheublic。Itleadstothedecayofletter-writingandofthekeeingofdiaries,and,assurely,itleadstotheublicationofmemoirsanddiariesthatshouldremainlockedinthewritersdesks。

ItleadsMr。Blanknottowriteversesatall—whichhemightverywelldo,forthesakeofhisownhainess,andfortheamusementofhisfriends—anditleadsMissDashtoestertheoverworkededitorsofvariousjournalswithherunsuccessfulimitationsofMr。delaMare,Mr。Yeats,andDr。Bridges。Theresultisthatournationalartisticlifenowsuffersfromtwogreatneeds:Awideramateurracticeofthearts,andahigher,moreexclusive,rofessionalstandard。Untiltheseareachievedweshallnotgetthebestoutofoursouls。

Thetruthis,Iconceive,thatthereisformostofusonlyonething—beyond,ofcourse,ourdutiesofcitizenshiandourersonaldutiesassons,orhusbands,orfathers,daughters,orwives,ormothers—thatisworthdoingwell—thatistosay,withallourenergy。Thatonethingmaybewriting,oritmaybemakingsteam-engines,orlayingbricks。Butafterthattherearehundredsofthingsthatareworthdoingbadly,withonlyartofourenergy,forthesakeoftherelaxationtheybringus,andforthecontactswhichtheygiveuswithourminds。AndthesoonerEnglandrealizesthis,asonceshedid,thehaier,themorecontented,themoregracious,willourlandbe。

Thereareeven,Imaintain,thingsthatareinthemselvesbetterdonebadlythanwell。Considerfishing,whereoneswholeleasureisoftensoiledbyhavingtokillafish。Now,ifonecouldcontrivealwaystotrytocatchafish,andnevertodoso,onemight—Butthatisanotherstory。

威廉姆斯生于英格兰,在剑桥受过教育。第一次世界大战后,他成为伦敦《泰晤士报》的一名记者。威廉姆斯写了几本关于18世纪诗歌和戏剧方面的书,发表在各种期刊和杂志上,出版了他自己的诗集。以下这篇文章最早发表在1923年伦敦的《展望》一书中。

或许,对工作和创作而言,最大的威胁莫过于唯恐做得不好或者害怕做错。对于这个问题,这篇文章就是一种安慰。威廉姆斯认为,不必事事较真,这样,我们的生活才能得以丰富,我们的个性才能得以发展完善。运动和音乐就是两个很好的例子,大多数人都酷爱运动和音乐,它们的确能给人带来乐趣,仅这一点就够了,人们并不需要有多深的造诣。

查尔斯·拉姆写了一系列有关时下谬误的文章。可惜我一时记不清了。如果不是狡猾的仆人突然误导我,我倒不觉得他写过什么公众交口称赞而我却认为有害的文章。下面这句似是而非的忠告,我从孩提时就印在脑海中,人们总是对我说:“如果一件事情值得去做,那么,就应该好好去做。”

从没有哪一个谬论让人们如此热衷。因为世界上有很多事情都值得去做,但并不是事事都应该好好去做。伟大的哲人赫伯特·斯宾塞曾对刚在台球桌上战胜他的年轻人说:“先生,一般球技表现为:好的眼力和稳定的手法,但从你的球技上看,你浪费了很多时间。”是否每一种游戏都值得持之以恒地练习和应用呢?

对职业运动员,我无话可说。他们是公众表演者,和其他人一样,他们通过自己在某项特定运动中的技能,至少可以实现个人的首要社会责任——通过自己的合法劳动维持自己及家人的生活。但对于玩乐的业余爱好者,我们该怎么说呢?我认为,这些人是最应受到鄙视的。他们没有赚钱,仅仅为了自私的娱乐,就日复一日地投身于这种游戏。他们忽视了业余爱好者和专业人士之间合理的区别。最终他们为自己的技术所累,他们没做出任何对社会有价值的事情,没有垒起一块砖,没有犁过一亩地,没有写过一行文字,甚至没有通过劳动来养活家人和教育后代。

不可否定,他们为某些人提供了娱乐,但他们一直没有勇气去参加测试。在这种测试中,我们需要每一个表演者证明他的职业选择是正确的——证明公众愿意为他的表演付费。当他们的辉煌期过去以后,不要说给整个世界留下什么,他们又给自己留下了什么呢?什么也没有留下,除了很快就会被遗忘的名字。也许他们的名字会被俱乐部里矮胖的绅士记住。

的确,玩游戏是一种并不值得好好去做的事情。

但这并不是说全然不值得去做,就像前面的谚语暗示我们的一样。没有什么比玩自己喜欢的游戏更惬意和更有益的了,哪怕玩不好,也不会影响真正喜欢它的人的心情。太在乎输赢的人并不是真正的运动爱好者——这个观点不新,但它的含义并没被发掘。很少有人仅仅为了娱乐而玩游戏。为比赛而设的障碍被人们普遍接受,这不正好证明了这一点吗?为什么我们总是希望在自己的竞技能力之外额外得分呢?

“哦,但是,”我的读者也许会说,“弱一些的参赛者希望额外得分是为了促使强者有更好的表现。”但我并不这样认为。也许有时候,一个强壮但虚荣的参赛者希望给弱者额外加分,以使他的胜利更为显著。但我并不认为这是一个正确解释。前些天去参加网球锦标赛时,我就把想法说给大赛秘书听了。“为什么要设置这些无聊的障碍呢?为什么不让我们尽情发挥?”我问他。“因为,”他回答道,“如果不设置这些障碍,就没有好一点儿的玩家参赛了。”这不就是承认了我们大多数人没有意识到草草行事的真正价值,还要固执己见、自欺欺人吗?

然而,并不是只有像游戏这样的小事才可以不必那么较真。虽然很奇怪,但事实是,我们易于接受草草地做某些事情,却不能接受草草地去做另一些事情。在我们认为可以草草去做的事情中,我以演戏为例,尽管演戏同其他表演艺术一样,其价值会因其短暂性而减少,但如果达到顶峰,也可以认为是一门伟大的艺术,一件值得好好去做的事情。演戏可以影响人类多变的情感,这就是演员所创造的东西——我们所说的表演艺术家,是指能影响人类情感的有创造性的艺术家——是观众内心深处的一种印象、情感和思想,这是无法记录的。

所以,我认为,演戏可称得上是一种艺术,虽然我只是简单地拿出了我的论据。然而,是否有人因为演得不好而不让其进入业余的戏剧表演呢?从来没有!因为演戏就像我这篇短文所写的一样,是一种可以不必较真去做的事情。

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