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第14章 致富之道 1(第1页)

eWaytoWealth

本杰明·富兰克林

BenjaminFranklin

本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790),18世纪美国最伟大的科学家、著名的政治家和文学家。他生于波士顿,幼年家境贫穷,一生只受过两年正式教育。1726年,他出版了《穷查理历书》,当时被译成12种文字,畅销欧美各国,也奠定了他在文学上的地位。独立战争爆发后,他参加了第二届大陆会议和《独立宣言》的起草工作。

PracticingforBetterLearning

Listentothefollowingarticletwice,andfillintheblankswitharoriatewords。

2。Iftimebeofallthingsthemost________,wastingtimemustbe,asPoorRichardsays,thegreatest________;since,asheelsewheretellsus,losttimeisneverfoundagain;andwhatwecalltimeenough,alwaysroveslittleenough。

3。Whereasindustrygivescomfort,andlenty,andresect:fly________,andthey’llfollowyou;The________________hasalargeshift;andnowIhaveasheeandacow,everybodybidsme____________;allofwhichiswellsaidbyPoorRichard。

CourteousReader,

Ihaveheardthatnothinggivesanauthorsogreatleasure,astofindhisworksresectfullyquotedbyotherlearnedauthors。ThisleasureIhaveseldomenjoyed;forthoughIhavebeen,ifImaysayitwithoutvanity,aneminentauthorofalmanacsannuallynowafullquarterofacentury,mybrotherauthorsinthesameway,forwhatreasonIknownot,haveeverbeenverysaringintheiralause,andnootherauthorhastakentheleastnoticeofme,sothatdidnotmywritingsroducemesomesolidudding,thegreatdeficiencyofraisewouldhavequitediscouragedme。

Iconcludedatlength,thattheeolewerethebestjudgesofmymerit;fortheybuymyworks;andbesides,inmyrambles,whereIamnotersonallyknown,Ihavefrequentlyheardoneorotherofmyadagesreeatedwith“asPoorRichardsays”attheendon’t;thisgavemesomesatisfaction,asitshowednotonlythatmyinstructionswereregarded,butdiscoveredlikewisesomeresectformyauthority;andIown,thattoencouragetheracticeofrememberingandreeatingthosewisesentences,Ihavesometimesquotedmyselfwithgreatgravity。

Judge,then,howmuchImusthavebeengratifiedbyanincidentIamgoingtorelatetoyou。Istoedmyhorselatelywhereagreatnumberofeolewerecollectedatavendueofmerchantgoods。Thehourofsalenotbeingcome,theywereconversingonthebadnessofthetimesandoneofthecomanycalledtoalaincleanoldman,withwhitelocks,“Pray,FatherAbraham,whatthinkyouofthetimes?Won’ttheseheavytaxesquiteruinthecountry?Howshallwebeeverabletoaythem?Whatwouldyouadviseusto?”FatherAbrahamstoodu,andrelied,“Ifyou’dhavemyadvice,I’llgiveittoyouinshort,forawordtothewiseisenough,andmanywordswon’tfillabushel,asPoorRichardsays。”Theyjoinedindesiringhimtoseakhismind,andgatheringroundhim,heroceededasfollows:

“Friends,”sayshe,“andneighbors,thetaxesareindeedveryheavy,andifthoselaidonbythegovernmentweretheonlyoneswehadtoay,wemightmoreeasilydischargethem;butwehavemanyothers,andmuchmoregrievoustosomeofus。Wearetaxedtwiceasmuchbyouridleness,threetimesasmuchbyourride,andfourtimesasmuchbyourfolly;andfromthesetaxesthecommissionerscannoteaseordeliverusbyallowinganabatement。However,letushearkentogoodadvice,andsomethingmaybedoneforus;Godhelsthemthathelthemselves,asPoorRichardsays,inhisAlmanackof1733。”

“Itwouldbethoughtahardgovernmentthatshouldtaxitseoleone-tenthartoftheirtime,tobeemloyedinitsservice。Butidlenesstaxesmanyofusmuchmore,ifwereckonallthatissentinabsolutesloth,ordoingofnothing,withthatwhichissentinidleemloyments,oramusements,thatamounttonothing。Sloth,bybringingondiseases,absolutelyshortenslife。Sloth,likerust,consumesfasterthanlaborwears;whiletheusedkeyisalwaysbright,asPoorRichardsays。Butdostthoulovelife,thendonotsquandertime,forthat’sthestufflifeismadeof,asPoorRichardsays。Howmuchmorethanisnecessarydowesendinslee,forgettingthatthesleeingfoxcatchesnooultryandthattherewillbesleeingenoughinthegrave,asPoorRichardsays。”

“Iftimebeofallthingsthemostrecious,wastingtimemustbe,asPoorRichardsays,thegreatestrodigality;since,asheelsewheretellsus,losttimeisneverfoundagain;andwhatwecalltimeenough,alwaysroveslittleenough。Letusthenuandbedoing,anddoingtotheurose;sobydiligenceshallwedomorewithlesserlexity。Slothmakesallthingsdifficult,butindustryalleasy,asPoorRichardsays;andhethatrisethlatemusttrotallday,andshallscarceovertakehisbusinessatnight;whilelazinesstravelssoslowly,thatovertysoonovertakeshim,aswereadinPoorRichard,whoadds,drivethybusiness,letnotthatdrivethee,andearlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise。”

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